The Holland Hybrid Heart consortium is a multidisciplinary collaboration of 15 Dutch partners led by Erasmus MC, in partnership with, amongst others, Eindhoven University of Technology and AMOLF. The consortium is focused on developing a soft total artificial heart, specifically designed for patients with end-stage heart failure. The Holland Hybrid Heart uniquely integrates synthetic and living materials to ensure optimal functionality and enhanced biocompatibility. This innovative approach holds a strong promise as an alternative to current artificial hearts, which are often associated with serious complications.
Benefits of the LIMO prototype
To make the Holland Hybrid Heart suitable for future patient use, it must be both highly efficient and compact. The LIMO concept addresses these essential requirements. LIMO stands for “Less In, More Out” – a name that reflects its core function. Using advanced engineering, the researchers achieved a fluidic transmission ratio greater than one.
Researcher Maziar Arfaee (AMOLF/Erasmus) explains: “We introduce a small amount of fluid at high pressure into the system, and on the other side, we get a larger volume at lower pressure.” This mechanism is made possible by a heart chamber surrounded by inflatable pouches. Upon inflation, the heart chamber contracts and ejects blood.
Another major advantage of the LIMO prototype is its high efficiency, which ranges between 82 and 91%. This means minimal energy loss within the system. As a result, external components, such as pumps and batteries, can be made smaller, improving patient mobility.
Next steps
When asked whether this will be the final prototype of the Hybrid Heart, AMOLF group leader Bas Overvelde says: “It is quite common in engineering to try different approaches to find out what works best, and it may well be that the final product is a combination of different prototypes. Our LIMO prototype resembles a natural heart in the way it beats; the contraction of the pouches function much like natural muscles. The main achievement in this prototype is the demonstration of an efficient fluidic transmission system that allows for a more compact artificial heart.”
Learn more
Maziar Arfaee, Lucas C. van Laake, Shibo Zou, Charlotte Bording, Jolanda Kluin and Johannes T.B. Overvelde, Toward developing a compact total artificial heart using a soft robotic fluidic transmission system, Science Advances, 11, 2 July (2025). Read the scientific publication via DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adv4854
Watch the video below to see the LIMO prototype in action:
